Traditional Chinese folk religion involves necromancy in seeking blessing from dead ancestors through ritual displays of filial piety. The Babylonian necromancers were called manzazuu or sha'etemmu, and the spirits they raised were called etemmu. In his Geographica, Strabo refers to νεκρομαντία ( nekromantia), or "diviners by the dead", as the foremost practitioners of divination among the people of Persia, and it is believed to have also been widespread among the peoples of Chaldea (particularly the Hermeticists, or "star-worshipers"), Etruria and Babylonia. Necromancy was prevalent throughout antiquity with records of its practice in ancient Egypt, Babylonia, Greece, Rome, and China. Classical necromancers addressed the dead in "a mixture of high-pitch squeaking and low droning", comparable to the trance-state mutterings of shamans. Main article: Magic in the Graeco-Roman worldĮarly necromancy was related to – and most likely evolved from – shamanism, which calls upon spirits such as the ghosts of ancestors. The Classical Greek term was ἡ νέκυια ( nekyia), from the episode of the Odyssey in which Odysseus visits the realm of the dead souls, and νεκρομαντεία in Hellenistic Greek necromantīa in Latin, and necromancy in 17th-century English. The Koine Greek compound form was first documented in the writings of Origen of Alexandria in the 3rd century AD. The word necromancy is adapted from Late Latin necromantia: a loan word from the post-Classical Greek νεκρομαντεία ( nekromanteía), a compound of Ancient Greek νεκρός ( nekrós, or 'dead body') and μαντεία ( manteía, or 'divination'). Sometimes referred to as "death magic," the term may also sometimes be used in a more general sense to refer to black magic or witchcraft. Necromancy ( / ˈ n ɛ k r ə m æ n s i/) is the practice of magic or black magic involving communication with the dead by summoning their spirits as apparitions or visions, or by resurrection for the purpose of divination imparting the means to foretell future events discovery of hidden knowledge returning a person to life, or to use the dead as a weapon.
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